| Underwater part of a tunnel | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Location | Kirovskiy Distrikt of Saint-Petersburg, Russia |
| Start | Dvinskaya street of Gutuevsky Iseland |
| End | Kanonersky Island |
| Operation | |
| Work begun | 1970[1] |
| Opened | 29 July 1983[2] |
| Owner | Saint Petersburg City Administration |
| Operator | SUE "Mostotrest"[1] |
| Traffic | Automotive |
| Character | City automobile movement |
| Vehicles per day | 1500[1] |
| Technical | |
| Construction | 1970-1983[1] |
| Length | 927 metres (3,041 ft),[3] 647 metres (2,123 ft) (between portals) |
| Number of lanes | One in each part |
| Operating speed | 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph) |
| Width | 8.5 metres (28 ft) (roadway) |
Kanonersky Tunnel (Russian: Канонерский тоннель[4]) is a tunnel under Sea canаl in the Kirovskiy Distrikt of Saint-Petersburg. It is from outside Gutuevsky island to it approaches Dvinskaya street to Kanonersky Island, White square.
Before1983 it was only possible to get on the island by ferry (it was last ferry line of Saint Petersburg) or a private boat[3], daily through Sea canаl which was a crossing for more than 2 million peoples.[5]. Constantly operating crossing also was necessary for transportation of cargoes from Big port Saint Petersburg.[1] Because of that on the Sea channel movement of courts sea-gauge to 10 metres (33 ft) and width to 40 metres (130 ft), bridge building have refused. The decision to build a tunnel was accepted.
The project has been prepared Lengiprotrans,[2] building carried out Giprostroymost.[6] Geodetic maintenance of building carried out Petersburg State University of Means of Communication.[7] Tunnel built a method buried sections: in preliminary dug trench it has been laid five identical sections, each of which had length of 75 metres (246 ft) and weighed about 8,000 tonnes (8,800 short tons). This method has been applied for the first time in Soviet Union, the length of a site dipping sections has made 375 metres (1,230 ft). For building of the sections on the bank of the Sea canal the original dock-sluice has been constructed. After sluicing the created sections closed from end faces by metal partitions, were counterbalanced by water and on the Sea canal were transported to the place of immersing. It fell on a tackles also was joined to earlier established section, forming a uniform design. For the immersing control divers at the underwater worked.[6]
After packing of designs from them have pumped out water and have built underground tunnels and portals; the full length of a tunnel has made 927 metres (3,041 ft).[3] It is constructed on two lanes (on one in each part), except is in a tunnel there is a foot path, and also on a tunnel pass cables of an electrical supply and communication, the water supply and central heating pipes connecting Kanonersky island with a city.[8]
Periodically water gets into the tunnel, experts explain this is because defects in the waterproofing. After solemn opening of a tunnel, it has been closed for three months for completion, in 1998-2002 tunnel major repairs,[3] In 2004 Lengiprotrans again made repair work.[2] In 2006 there was a mooring damage over a tunnel, from it the tunnel also has been damaged,[9] and the end of June, 2009 tunnel repair again was required, the drainage system has been replaced.[10]
The tunnel is not closed on repair, but movement is essentially limited. Failures in a tunnel occur seldom and because of low speeds do without victims, but elimination of their consequences can occupy some hours.[11]
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